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Economy and Finance

Economy and Finance

Full Reserve Banking and Fractional reserve Banking

03 Aug 2023 Zinkpot 186
Full Reserve Banking and Fractional reserve Banking
  1. Full-reserve banking is a system where banks are prohibited from lending out money they receive as demand deposits from customers. Instead, they are required to keep all customer funds in their vaults at all times.
  2. The sole purpose of the banks under this model is to act as a custodian of the customers’ money for which it may charge a fee.
  3. This model of banking stands in contrast to the current banking system, where banks pay interest to customers on their demand deposits.
  4. Under this, banks must maintain reserves equal to 100% of their demand deposits to ensure they can meet withdrawal requests and prevent a bank run, even if all the depositors decided to withdraw all at once.
  5. Demand deposits are deposits that customers can withdraw from the bank at any point in time, without any prior notice.
  6. The banks can only lend money that they receive as time deposits from their customers. Time deposits are deposits that customers can withdraw from the bank only after a certain period of time that is agreed upon between the bank and its customers.
  7. The banking system that exists today, all around, is the fractional-reserve banking system. Supporters of fractional reserve banking believe that full reserve banking unnecessarily restricts bank lending. They believe that allowing banks to create loans without the necessary savings to back these loans can help spur investment and economic growth.
  8. However, proponents of full reserve banking argue that it is the only natural form of banking and that it can prevent the various crises that affect today’s fractional reserve banking system.
     

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