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Economy and Finance

Economy and Finance

Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF)

27 Aug 2023 Zinkpot 179
  1. Gross fixed capital formation is an indicator of the level of investments in the country. It refers to the net increase in physical assets (investment minus disposals). It does not account for the consumption of fixed capital.
  2. It is a component of the expenditure approach to calculate GDP.
  3. It is not a measure of total investment, because only the value of net additions to fixed assets is measured, and all kinds of financial assets, as well as stocks of inventories and other operating costs, are excluded.
  4. Land sales and purchases are also excluded from the estimation of gross fixed capital formation to avoid complex valuation problems because if a piece of land is sold, the total amount of land already in existence, is not regarded as being increased thereby, all that happens is that the ownership of same land changes.
  5. It is an indicator for gauging fixed capital formation. A downward trajectory in gross fixed capital formation would indicate that the fixed capacities are not being ramped up.
  6. It includes land improvements; plant machinery and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings.
  7. It is divided into two types: 
  8. Gross Business Fixed Investments: It includes expenses made towards long-term assets such as machinery, real estate, production facility, infrastructure, etc.
  9. Gross Residential Construction Investments: These are the expenses incurred by businesses for purchasing or constructing residential units upon receiving tenders.
     

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