The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of acute poverty covering over 100 developing countries.
It complements traditional income-based poverty measures by capturing the deprivations that each person faces at the same time with respect to education, health and living standards.
The three dimensions and the ten indicators of poverty under global Multidimensional Poverty Index are:
Health: Nutrition, Child mortality;
Education: Years of schooling, School attendance;
Living standards: Cooking fuel, Sanitation, Drinking water, Electricity, Housing, Assets.
MPI was launched by the UNDP and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) in 2010 and this is released annually. Its national counterpart is released by Niti Aayog, namely National Multidimensional poverty index.
The October 2022 update presents the 4th edition of the World Bank’s Multidimensional Poverty Measure.
In this report, the key findings about India were:
In India, 5 out of 6 multidimensionally poor people are from lower tribes or castes.
The Scheduled Tribe group: It accounts for 9.4 per cent of the population and is the poorest, with 65 million of the 129 million people living in multidimensional poverty.
They account for about one-sixth of all people living in multidimensional poverty in India.
Scheduled Caste group: With 33.3 percent -- 94 million of 283 million people -- living in multidimensional poverty.
Other Backward Class:
27.2 per cent of the Other Backward Class group - 160 million of 588 million people -- lives in multidimensional poverty,
It shows a lower incidence but a similar intensity compared with the Scheduled Caste group.
Female headed household: In India, close to 12 percent of the population -- 162 million people -- live in female-headed households.
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